Aristotle’s Poetics is concerned with poetry as a universal human practice. Therefore, although Aristotle draws his evidence for tragedy from the Greek tradition, he legitimately abstracts from tragedy’s relationship to any particular social context (such as Athens). Tragedy may be seen as contingently local, but normatively universal: that is, it is a natural human good, which ought to develop in all human societies. That development is natural, but not inevitable, since in any given society it may be impeded or distorted by adverse local conditions. Ethical defects in a community are especially damaging. However, the distinction between unqualified and relative goods makes it possible for Aristotle to acknowledge that distorted poetic or ...