Pseudomonas aeruginosa Uses Multiple Pathways To Acquire Iron during Chronic Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs

Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronically infects the lungs of more than 80 % of adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and is a major contributor to the progression of disease pathology. P. aeruginosa requires iron for growth and has multiple iron uptake sys-tems that have been studied in bacteria grown in laboratory culture. The purpose of this research was to determine which of these are active during infection in CF. RNAwas extracted from 149 sputum samples obtained from 23 CF patients. Reverse tran-scription–quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of P. aeruginosa genes encoding transport systems for the siderophores pyoverdine and pyochelin, for heme, and for ferrous ions. Expression of P. aeruginosa genes could be quantified in 89 % of the sputum samples. Expression of genes associated with siderophore-mediated iron uptake was detected in most samples but was at low levels in some samples, indicating that other iron uptake mechanisms are active. Expression of genes encoding heme transport systems was also detected in most samples, indicating that heme uptake occurs during infection in CF. feoB expression was detected in all sputum samples, implying an important role for ferrous ion uptake by P. aeruginosa in CF. Our data show that multiple P. aeruginosa iron uptake mechanisms are active in chronic CF infection and that RT-qPCR of RNA extracted from sputum provides a powerful tool for investigating bacterial physiology during infection in CF. The thick, viscous mucus in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF)patients is conducive to infectionwith bacterial pathogens (1). The lungs of 80 % of adult CF patients are chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and infection is associated wit