Y.: Intelligent spatial communication

How far are current route services from imitating humans in giving route direc-tions? And what can we learn from this question, in terms of gaps of knowledge and need for further research? This paper aims for a systematic framework to de-velop a research agenda for services to give better route directions. The paper starts from the premise that people can give better route advice than current route services due to their richer language, their more compatible spatial concepts and conceptualizations, and their inferences during communication to capture and adapt to context. The framework is developed from three perspectives on human wayfinding communication. Services still have a long way to be able to imitate human route communication behavior.