A REWE\V ' of RHINO FOOT PROBLEMS

Captive rhinos are vulnerable to many serious and life-threatening diseases and conditions: hemolytic anemia, fungal pneumonia, idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome ( M V S), and ulcerative dermatitis, to name a few. It is almost surprising in animals of such size, weight, and activity levels, that rhlnos do not suffer from major foot diseases more frequently. The rhino foot is subject to many stressors such as trauma, substrate impact, climate, obesity, and nutritional imbalances. Conditions that cause lameness affect the quality of life, inhlbit breeding programs, and may lead to more serious illnesses. The Fort Worth Zoo exhibits three species of rhino, Black, White, and Greater One-Horned. This discussion will focus on foot problems we have experienced over the past ten years: nail cracks, laminitis, and chronic foot disease. Early detection by daily observations of the feet and gait is important. Rhinos in zoos are usually tractable and will often cooperate with invasive procedures such as foot trimming and even blood collection without immobilization. Building a relationship based on trust allows keepers to form bonds with their animals which will assist with treatment options. Conditioning and consistent training are also valuable tools in manipulating behaviors and communicatin