First-Mover (Dis)Advantages: Retrospective and Link with the Resource-Based View

This article reflects upon and updates our prize-winning paper, ‘First-mover advantages, ’ which was published in SMJ 10 years ago. We discuss the evolution of the literature over the past decade and suggest opportunities for continuing research. In particular, we see benefits from linking empirical findings on first-mover advantages with the complementary stream of research on the resource-based view of the firm. Ó 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. We were honored to receive the 1996 prize of the Strategic Management Society (in cooperation with John Wiley & Sons) for our 1988 paper, ‘First-Mover Advantages. ’ It is customary for the award recipients to write a brief article reflecting on the original work. As our paper aimed to provide a unified conceptual framework and criti-cal assessment of the literature, we have chosen to write a somewhat longer piece to update our survey and suggest opportunities for continuing research. Our prize-winning paper began as a series of healthy disagreements between the authors, which took place over brown bag lunches during the summer of 1986. ‘First-mover advantage ’ (FMA) was a term widely invoked in strategic man-agement, marketing, and economics. We found, however, that our interpretations of the concept differed greatly. We wondered if our disagree-ments stemmed from the contrast in our discipli-nary backgrounds, or if they reflected a broader lack of consensus among business scholars. During a sabbatical at Northwestern University, Key words: first-mover advantage; pioneer advantage; follower advantage; resource-based view; market entr