Fabrication Variations and Defect Tolerance for Nanomagnet-based QCA

Tolerating defects and fabrication variations will be critical in any system made with de-vices that have nanometer feature sizes. This paper considers how fabrication variations and defects might lead to faulty behavior in Magnetic Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (MQCA) circuits and systems. Here, we leverage physical-level simulation to consider how fabrication variations might affect a circuit’s logical correctness. We then discuss how we can tolerate fabrication variations at the device, circuit, and architectural level.