Effect of Na Content on the Physical Properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Powders

The different Na contents (0 ≤ Na ≤ 0.35, based on mole of NaOH) of doped Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) powders synthesized via sol-gel process were studied. The substitution of Na+ ions into a partial A-site of BST powders provided the reduction in vacancy defects as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra appeared in violet, blue, and green emissions. The phase structure, oxygen deficiency, and titanium deficiency of BST powders were further investigated as a function of Na content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) result was found that low Na content (0 ≤ Na ≤ 0.15) exhibited the tetragonal structure, while it was transformed to the cubic phase when high Na content. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) result revealed that the partial oxidation of Ti3+ ions to Ti4+ ions was observed at Na content lower than 0.05 mole, while more addition of Na content resulted in the increasing of the oxygen and the titanium deficiency. Furthermore, the result indicated the oxygen deficiency significantly formed at the A-site of Sr atoms more than that of Ba atoms