The potential for Port 4.0 in a small Norwegian seaport - A case study of the Port of Kristiansand's container terminal

The Port and Maritime industry has since the 2010s undergone a significant digital transformation and is facing new challenges such as increased pressure regarding productivity, sustainability, as well as security and safety risks. This has, among other things, led to the development of smart ports. However, the adoption of automation has taken place in a slower pace than comparable sectors. Moreover, the literature related to smart port development in Norway is perceived as limited. Therefore, this study has attempted to elaborate a field of research to aid the port of Kristiansand and similar ports in Norway to develop into smart ports. The methodology of this thesis provides a qualitative approach for investigating the smart port potential in a small container terminal. Our study shows that the Port of Kristiansand is in an early stage towards a smart port status. Additionally, our findings indicate that there are substantial opportunities and potential for further development