Nitrogen to phosphorus ratio shapes bacterial community involved in cellulose decomposition and copper contamination alters their stoichiometric demand

International audienceAbstract All living organisms have theoretically an optimal stoichiometric nitrogen: phosphorus (N: P) ratio below and beyond which their growth is affected but data remain scarce for microbial decomposers. Here, we evaluated optimal N: P ratios of microbial communities involved in cellulose decomposition and assessed their stability when exposed to copper Cu(II). We hypothesized that (1) cellulose decomposition is maximized for an optimal N: P ratio, (2) copper exposure reduces cellulose decomposition and (3) increases microbial optimal N: P ratio, (4) N: P ratio and copper modify the structure of microbial decomposer communities. We measured cellulose disc decomposition by a natural inoculum in microcosms exposed to a gradient of N: P ratios at three copper concentrations (0, 1 and 15 µM). Bacteria were most probably the main decomposers. Without copper, cellulose decomposition was maximized at an N: P molar ratio of 4.7. Contrary to expectations, at high copper concentration, the optimal N: P ratio (2.8) and the range of N: P ratios allowing decomposition were significantly reduced and accompanied by a reduction of bacterial diversity. Copper contamination led to the development of tolerant taxa probably less efficient in decomposing cellulose. Our results shed new lights on the understanding of multiple stressor effects on microbial decomposition in an increasingly stoichiometrically imbalanced world