on-line access granted by the journal.International audienceAetios' medical compilation (VIthcentury A.D.) gives us extracts taken from the works of an "Aspasia" who seems to have written about gynaecological matters. We try to give a short characterization of the author's style and manner, and a temptative date. In order to do so, we have to come to terms with the delicate question of the connections between the Aspasian text and the text of the Parisinus gr. 2153 of "Soranos": whatever the case of the Parisinus' compilator, we think that Soranos himself has written before Aspasia. But who was Aspasia? A woman (but what was her trade?), or a man in the disguise of a woman? Be it in science or in literature, did women write in Antiquity? Sh...