Non-equilibrium phase transition of the fully frustrated square lattice Coulomb gas model

The non-equilibrium phase transitions of the fully frustrated (f = 1/2) square lattice Coulomb gas (CG) model driven by external electrical fields are studied in the framework of the short-time dynamic scaling approach. The critical temperature Tc, the static and dynamic critical exponents 2β/ν, ν, and z are obtained for several small driving fields. The results show that Tc decreases with the increase of electric field, and 2β/ν and z are strongly dependent on the external electric field. Interestingly, contrary to the equilibrium case, in the presence of small electric field, the calculated exponent ν is close to that in pure 2D Ising model, which provides numerical evidence that external electric field may change the universality class of the f = 1/2 CG system