Application of Digital Archival Resources in the Elementary Schools：Hsin-Chu County as Example

本研究旨在探討數位檔案資源在國小教學之應用情形。藉由文獻探討，瞭解國外數位檔案資源於國小教學應用之現況。透過問卷調查法與訪談法，探討新竹縣國小教師教學應用數位檔案資源之現況、剖析新竹縣國小教師教學應用數位檔案資源之成功與困難因素。研究的對象包含縣內83所共2324位國小編制員額內的合格專任教師做為研究調查之母群體。問卷調查之樣本選取採分層隨機抽樣，共發出316份，回收300份，有效問卷288份。訪談樣本共計14位。 研究結果顯示，國外數位檔案資源於國小教學應用之現況為成立國家級的檔案館，建置富教育性網站，提供數位檔案資源於教學使用，培養學生具備歷史思維與獨立思辨能力，同時獲政府單位重視，協助教師檔案專業發展，鼓勵專業進修與交流。新竹縣國小教師教學時應用數位檔案資源之現況為教師對於「數位檔案資源」之認知歧異；應用之教學領域以「人文與社會學科」為主；應用數位檔案資源網站以「故宮博物院」最受青睞；運用數位檔案資源，以廠商提供的電子書內容為主，利用搜尋引擎鍵入關鍵字進行檢索之方式為輔。新竹縣國小教師教學時應用數位檔案資源之成功因素為教師由數位檔案資源建置網站獲得較多的教學支援。新竹縣國小教師教學時應用數位檔案資源之因難因素為數位檔案資源教學專業諮詢有限；缺乏可詢問的對象；數位檔案資源的活潑與多元性最需改進；教師教學時間不足與課程進度壓力；軟硬體設備的限制；教師的背景知識、資訊能力與教學能力有所差異；取得數位檔案資源的過程費時費力。 本研究分別對國小教師、教育主管單位、檔案相關事業三方面提出建議。在國小教師方面，應加強資訊查檢與知識組織之課程統整能力，教學模式多元發展，培養學生帶得走的能力，同時發展教學專業知能，參與教師專業社群。在教育主管單位方面，應將「檔案學」列入師資培育機構研修科目或現職教師研習科目，註記檔案之出處來源於課本或習作上，並且舉辦數位檔案資源於教學應用之創意徵選活動。在檔案相關事業方面，數位檔案資源已有整合查詢平台ACROSS，宜加強宣導數位檔案資源整合平台之利用，建置完善的回饋制度，並且加強數位檔案資源在國小教學運用上的「可親近性」，以及增加行動載具應用程式，具備有趣、互動與實用特性。The study aims to discuss the teaching application conditions of digital archival resources in elementary schools. Based in literature discussion, it understands the application conditions of digital archival resources in elementary schools abroad. Through questionnaires and interviews, it discusses teaching application conditions of digital archival resources for elementary school teachers in Hsin-Chu County and analyzes the success and difficulty factors of teaching application of digital archival resources for elementary school teachers in Hsin-Chu County. The study subjects include 2324 qualified professional elementary school teachers with authorized strength in 83 schools of Hsin-Chu County, which are taken as the population of study. Questionnaire samples select stratified random sampling. 316 copies are issued and 300 copies are recovered, including 288 copies of valid questionnaires. Interview samples have 14 totally. The study results show that the application conditions of digital archival resources in elementary schools abroad is to establish national archives, construct educational website, provide digital archival resources in teaching application and cultivate students with historical thought and independently analytical thinking. Furthermore, it obtains importance of governmental units to assist the professional development of teacher archives and encourage, professional training and exchanges. The application condition of digital archival resources in teaching for elementary school teachers in Hsin-Chu County is on the cognitive differences of “digital archival resources”. The applied teaching field is mainly on “humanities and social sciences”. The digital archival resources application website is taken “National Palace Museum” as the most popular site. The application of digital archival resources takes E-book contents provided by the vendors as main contents and uses the retrieval method by keying keywords through search engine as auxiliary way. The success factors of the application condition of digital archival resources in teaching for elementary school teachers in Hsin-Chu County are to construct websites and obtain more teaching support through the digital archival resources by the teachers. The difficulty factors of the application condition of digital archival resources in teaching for elementary school teachers in Hsin-Chu County include professional consultation on digital archival resources teaching is limited, it lacks askable objects, flexicity and diversity of digital archival resources are required to be improves most, teaching time of teacher is insufficient and course schedule has pressure, hardware and software equipments have limitation, background knowledge, information capability and teaching capability of teachers have difference and the process to obtain digital archival resources wastes time and energy. The study proposes suggestions to the teachers in elementary school, education authorities and archive related business respectively. On teachers in elementary school aspect, it shall strengthen information searching and curriculum integration capability of knowledge organization and diversity development of teaching method and cultivate the understanding capability of students. Furthermore, it shall develop teaching professional knowledge and ability, and participate in professional teaching community. On education authorities aspect, it shall list “ Archives” as the study subject of teacher education institutions and study subject of serving teachers, mark out the sources of archives on the textbooks and workbooks, and hold creativity selection activity of digital archival resources in teaching application. On archive related business aspect, it has already had integrated search platform ACROSS for digital archival resources. It shall strengthen the advocacy on utility of integrated search platform for digital archival resources, construct perfect feedback system and strengthen the approachability of digital archival resources on elementary school teaching application. Furthermore, it shall increase action vehicle applications, so that it has interesting, interactive and practical features