The research of intelligence resources planning of indigenous cultural industry in Taiwan - case study on knitting techniques

本研究著眼於原住民文化產業智慧資源規劃的議題，特別是以原住民工藝產業當中的編織工藝作為研究對象。在智慧資源的創造和保護方面，對於原住民民俗創作的法律討論和立法行動，在我國雖然已有初步成果，但卻仍有許多爭議尚待解決，因而仍無法提供原住民族人充足的保護，不過即使如此，產業仍然需要在此模糊不清的法律狀態下，尋找最佳的發展路徑，換言之，從智慧資源的管理和應用方面，在盡可能建立智慧資源的基礎之後，管理者應如何透過原先具備或後天取得的資源，促使經營的事業體找出適當的發展模式，毋寧更是原住民文化產業能否永續發展的優先考量。而在產業發展較成熟之後，若再回頭主張產業從業者真正需要的法律規範，或許更可以提供規範制定者值得參考的意見。 在上述的法律和管理並重的思考邏輯之下，本研究從文獻探討開始，檢視國際間、各國和我國在處理原住民民俗創作保護時的問題現狀，在確定文化資產和智慧財產各有其規範角色，卻又會互相影響的前提之下，推導出存在於原住民文化產業當中，同時可以致力於文化資產活化，以及智慧財產創造的幾種可能的發展模式，供作本研究後續個案的探討模型，以及未來的產業從業者決定發展方向時的可能參考選項。 故在本研究個案部份，即同時反映上述類型化模型的思考。第四章的第一個個案就是較具有公共性(commons)本質的尤瑪‧達陸與野桐工坊個案，而第五章的第二個個案就是較具有完整企業經營理念的湛賞文化藝術工作坊，此二個案同時都是以編織工藝為主要經營項目，但是因為經營者的目標不同，因而展現出不同樣貌，本研究透過此二個案呈現經營面向的議題，同時也針對智慧資源規劃議題，給予個案未來發展之建議。 最後的結論與建議，本研究主要針對於政府機關和產業從業者兩方面，從之前論述當中發現的議題和可參考的適例，重新思考現存問題的解決方案，期待在研究者的共同努力下，台灣原住民文化產業能夠走上更亮麗的舞台。This research is focused on intelligence resources planning of indigenous cultural industry, especially in the field of knitting techniques. From creation and protection of intelligence resources perspective, legal discussion and legislative movement for aboriginal people’s cultural expressions seem to achieve slight success in Taiwan, but there still exists many unresolved issues, resulting in insufficient protection for aboriginal people as before. However, even in such legally ambiguous situation, the industry still needs to find its way out, looking for the best path to develop itself. In other words, from management and application of intelligence resources perspective, after trying best efforts to set up the foundation of intelligence resources, how the managers are devoting to figure out the suitable model for the business unit, by using original or adopting resources, becomes the first priority of concerns of whether the indigenous cultural industry can be sustainable. When the industry becomes more mature, the participants of the industry may look back, to propose their real needs for regulations, and at the same time, these proposals may be very valuable for the regulators. Based on the above thinking in accordance with both legal and managerial logic, this research makes observation to problems when dealing with aboriginal people’s folklore expressions in international society, in various countries and in Taiwan, from the beginning part of literature analysis to the latter parts; then, this research makes sure that cultural heritage and intellectual property both play parts on the focused topics, while each has its regulatory role as well as has impact on the other, and such nature and connection becomes the premise of the following several models respectively for activation of cultural heritage and creation of intellectual property at the same time in indigenous cultural industry. These models will be used as the analytic tools for the following case study and as the referable choices of business development for future participants in the industry. Furthermore, case study of this research reflects foregoing categorical models. The first case in Chapter 4 is commons-oriented Yuma Taru and Lihang Studio case. The second case in Chapter 5 is under complete company management, which is Siku Sawmah Cultural Art Workshop case. Both cases’ major revenue come from knitting techniques, but the managers have different business goals, resulting in different business models. This research tries to reveal managerial issues when running workshop through these two cases; this research will also gives suggestion to them in relation to intelligence resources planning. In the final part of conclusion and suggestion, this research aims at governmental departments and participants in the industry, and for them it rethinks solutions towards existing problems regarding previously found issues and referable cases. This research expects the indigenous cultural industry in Taiwan to eventually get on a more radiant stage with the cooperation of all the researchers and participants