The Current Situations and the Future Developments of the Book Publisher Industry and the Music Industry

從2007年發生的「金石堂、凌域事件」到2008年初誠品書店重新制訂和上游廠商的交易方式，都很明顯地顯示出國內出版業大型連鎖書店獨大的情形。另外，數位化隨著科技的進步對於產業的衝擊與影響越來越大，許多公司皆陸續推出數位化的相關服務，以滿足在這波趨勢下消費者逐漸改變的需求。像是圖書出版產業最近面臨電子書所帶來的數位閱讀風潮，正慢慢的在改變消費者的閱讀習慣。反觀音樂產業內，數位音樂的出現逐漸顯示多數消費者從以往購買實體唱片CD，轉變成直接從網路或手機下載歌曲、聆聽音樂；整體而言，兩產業內的廠商可說在先後面對產品數位化所帶來的衝擊，需要擬定轉型策略和未來發展方向。 本研究藉由蒐集圖書出版產業和音樂產業的次級資料瞭解現況，再經由相關文獻理論的探討後擬出訪談大綱，深度訪談兩產業價值鏈中的主要關鍵角色，希望融合第一手的訪談資料與理論文獻，找出存在於兩產業中的問題並加以分析解決，最後提出兩產業的未來發展模式與經營之道。 經由瞭解兩產業於產品流通時歷經的物流、金流與資訊流情況後進行比較分析，並在最後以價值鏈為基礎結合產品流通情況後發現，目前圖書出版產業內最大的問題為逆物流作業成本過高與資訊流不暢通，導致握有資訊流程度高與物流成本低的廠商，得以主導產業走向並擁有高議價力；而實體音樂產業內業者目前遭受最大的困境則為數位化下造成實體產品消費減少，以致廠商利潤降低。此外，現今在兩產業實體部份最具議價力的角色皆為下游大型連鎖零售商，而圖書出版產業中議價力最低的角色為中間商，音樂廠商則是唱片公司。 在兩產業共同面臨實體產業衰退與數位化衝擊下，由於產品本質上的差異，讓音樂產業數位化的腳步較早，因此所採取的因應措施與發展對於具有相同產業結構的圖書出版產業有很大的參考價值，經過整合歸納後，未來圖書出版產業除了物流整合與資訊流順暢的當務之急外，應掌握實體書籍本身產品本質的優勢並藉由口碑傳播效應創造更多商機，同時透過減少廠商家數或縮減價值鏈長度，讓產業內廠商的獲利空間得以提升。 關鍵字：價值鏈、交易成本、物流、金流、資訊流、圖書出版業、音樂產業The dispute between the Kingstone Bookstore and its distributor in 2007 and the revision of transaction with upstream firm made by the Eslite Bookstore in the value chain of the industry revised at beginning in 2008 represented the situation that huge chain bookstores obviously had great bargaining power in the book publisher industry. Furthermore, with progressing technology, digitization brought about a big impact and influence on industries. One after another, many companies continually provide services related to digitalization to satisfy the consumers’ changing needs. For instance, the book publisher industry faces the challenge of gradually changing reading habits resulting from the digitalized reading trend brought about by electronic books. Similarly, the music industry is experiencing a comparable situation in which the flourish of digitalized music resulted in consumers directly downloading and listening to music through the Internet or cell phones. These consumers originally bought material music products, e.g. CDs. Overall, firms in the two industries are sequentially confronted with the impact of digitalized products, and they need to make reform strategies and think about the future development. This research collected secondary data to understand the current situation of the book publisher industry and music industry and through relevant literature reviews, interview outlines were drafted so as to capture information on the key roles of the value chain of these two industries. In addition to combining the primary data and literatures to discover and solve the problems in the two industries, this research also suggests the ways of development and business models of the two industries in the future. After understanding and comparing the logistic, cash, and information flow related to product flow in the two industries, this research, based on the value chain theory, discovered that the present most serious problem in the book publisher industry is that the high cost of adverse-logistic and block of information flow result in the situation in which firms who control information flow and firms that have low logistic costs hold high bargaining power and guide industry trends. On the other hand, the most difficult situation faced by the music industry faces now is the declining consumptions of material products under the digitalizing trend leading to the firms’ decreasing profits. In addition, big wholesaler chains hold the highest bargaining power in the brick-and-mortar sections of the two industries, while distributors and record companies hold the lowest bargaining powers in the book publisher industry and in the music industry. Both industries confront the decline in the material industry and the impact of digitalization. Resulting from the intrinsic product differences, the music industry digitalized early. Consequently, the developments and the measures firms took in the music industry have high reference value for the book publisher industry which shares the same industry structure as its predecessor. The conclusion is that the book publisher industry must promptly conduct logistic integration and smoothen information flow, as well as capture the advantages of the nature of material books so as to create more sales resulting from the word of mouth effect. Simultaneously, firms in the book publisher industry must raise profit by reducing the numbers of firms or by shortening the length of value chain. Keyword: value chain, transaction cost, logistic, cash flow, information flow, book publishing industry, music industr