During this thesis, we focused on the security of mobile devices. To do this, we explored physical attacks by perturbation (fault injections) as well as by observation, both based on electromagnetic emissions. We selected two types of targets representing two categories of mobile devices. On the one hand, the microcontrollers that equip IoT devices. And on the other hand the System-on-Chip (SoC) that can be found on smartphones. We focused on the chips designed by ARM. Through physical attacks we wanted to show that it was possible to affect the microarchitecture on which the entire functioning of these systems is based. All the protections that can be implemented later at the software level are based on the microarchitecture and therefore ...