Influence of Keeping and Milking of Cows on the Hygienic Quality of Milk

The quality and quantity of milk is significantly influenced by housing conditions, care and feeding of dairy animals. Hygienic correct milk can be obtained if the cows or other dairy cattle are kept in hygienic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of housing conditions and milking of cows on the microbiological and chemical quality of milk. We examined six samples of bulk tank milk cows from 6 different farms from the Municipality of Podgorica, where cow milking is done by machines. Chemical parameters of milk - fat, protein, lactose, free fat dry matter and somatic cells were investigated on the device Combi-Foss (Foss Electric, Denmark), and the total number of bacteria on the appliance BactoScan. All obtained data were processed using modern variation statistics. Statistical parameters: mean value, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values, are calculated. In order to assess the hygienic conditions of keeping and milking of cows at these farms a certain building, microclimate and hygienic parameters were studied - by modified method of Hristov and Reljić (2009). Based on the established state, each test parameter is rated from 0 to 5 points. Average value of the fat content in bulk tank milk was 3.39 % - ranged from 2.92 % to 3.94 %, protein content 3.13% - ranged from 2.78 % to 3.65 %, lactose 4.27% - ranged from 4.14 % to 4.47%, the fat free dry substance 8.13 % - ranged from 7.75 % to 8.77 %. The value of the number of somatic cells in bulk tank milk at the first farm was 52000/mL, second 85000/mL, third 63000/mL, fourth 1920000/mL, fifth 1373000/mL and sixth 200000/mL. The total bacteria count in the bulk tank milk at the first farm amounted to 5000/mL, second 41000/mL, third 124000/mL, fourth 1002000/mL, fifth 467000/mL and sixth 31000/mL. Physical, microclimate and hygienic parameters of dairy cows housing are rated with good rating on farms 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 and on the farm 5 with a sufficient rating. The fourth and fifth farms did not use disinfection of teats after milking and disinfection of milking machines. The fourth and fifth farm had significantly higher number of somatic cells in bulk tank milk. The fifth farm had significantly higher total number of bacteria/mL in bulk tank milk - compared to the number that is permitted under applicable regulations. This can be linked with inadequate building, microclimate and hygiene of cows and failing disinfection of the udder and milking machine after milking