Induction of cytokine secretion from human monocytes by <i>Tv</i> is largely dependent on the presence of <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> and is dominated by IL-8 secretion.

<p>Primary human monocytes were cultured with either dead intact <i>Tv</i>G3, <i>Tv</i>MSA1132, unstimulated, or treated with LPS (<b>A, B, D</b>) or poly (I:C) <b>(C)</b> or LPS and IFNγ <b>(E)</b> for 16 hours. Prior to killing, <i>Tv</i> strains were either untreated (<i>M</i>. <i>hominis</i>+) or treated with additional antibiotic to clear the symbiont (<i>M</i>. <i>hominis</i>-). Supernatants were collected and the indicated cytokines were measured using Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) or ELISA. Data shown are average of triplicate wells with standard deviation, and are representative of 3 donors/ independent experiments.