Typical dynamics of the system for different values of glycolytic capacity, <i>c</i>_<i>g</i>.

<p>The optimal level of glycolytic capacity occurs where the curves in Panels E, F and G become flat. The left panels show the temporal dynamics of (A) ATP demand, <i>d</i>(<i>t</i>), (B) glycolytic ATP production, <i>c</i>_<i>g</i><i>P</i>_<i>g</i>, (C) oxidative ATP production, <i>c</i>_<i>o</i><i>p</i>_<i>o</i>, and (D) ATP level <i>U</i>_<i>ATP</i>. Dash line denotes the minimum ATP level that is allowed in the system, <i>U</i>^<i>*</i>_<i>ATP</i>. Higher glycolytic capacity allows more glycolytic ATP to supply peak demand and reduces the maximum ATP level that is needed to ensure that <i>U</i>_<i>ATP</i>≥<i>U</i>^<i>*</i>_<i>ATP</i>. The right panels show (E) total glycolytic ATP production over one period, <i>P</i>_<i>g</i>^<i>total</i>, (F) total oxidative ATP production over one period, <i>P</i>_<i>o</i>^<i>total</i>, and (G) maximum ATP level over the period max(<i>U</i>_<i>ATP</i>). Parameters used in this simulation: Demand parameters: <i>f</i> = 10Hz, <i>period</i> = 4, <i>BL</i> = 5, <i>k</i>_<i>m</i> = 50, <i>k</i>_<i>g</i> = 10000, <i>U</i>^<i>*</i>_<i>ATP</i> = 0.745, <i>P</i>_<i>g</i>^<i>max</i> = 5 and <i>c</i>_<i>m</i> = 1.