Individual differences in thinking and learning

In this chapter we will focus on individual differences and how such differences influence thinking and learning. An understanding of the processes of learning and thinking is an essential tool for effective learning in classrooms. We will examine cognitive views of learning which emphasises the importance of thinking processes, as well as metacognition, or knowledge and thought about learning itself. We will also examine the reasons why independent thinking and self-regulated learning are such important aspects in an effective learning environment, as well as giving you some strategies to enhance self-regulation in your students. Additionally, we will examine the concept of intelligence, looking at the psychometric approach, Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences and Sternberg's theory of intelligence. Lastly, we will briefly explore the concepts of giftedness, talent and creativity