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Noting that current research on children's mathematical development does not adequately detail how toddlers represent small numbers and the role that number words play in the development of number understanding, this study used a combination of methods to examine mathematical development in one toddler. Underlying the study was an Integrated Model (IM) of the development of preschoolers ' mathematical abilities that considers both how children represent numbers and what they represent in their mathematical thinking. Three data collection methods were used to examine the mathematical competence and development of one child, Blake, from age 18 through 36 months: (1) naturalistic observations conducted by the child's mother; (2)...