Modeling of Alford Force and Tip Clearance Flow for

A model that calculates the flow through a turbine stage has been developed in order to predict Alford forces. This model is an extension of a series of works that have been based on actuator disk theory. Unsteadiness due to whirling of rotor shaft has been introduced. At the same time, the effects of relative motion of endwall on tip clearance flow have been investigated. Qualitative understanding of the characteristics of the flow have been obtained and a simple two-dimensional model that is based on the in-tegrated boundary layer method has been developed. Although this model makes integration possible without an initial condition by taking advantage of a singularity in the governing equation, mathematical difficulties that arise from approximation