Saturn Uranus Neptune, Atmosphere Atmospheres, Dynamics

ical duc d N Moreover, these Jupiter/Saturn cases produce equatorial superrotationwhereas the Uranus/Neptune cases promi ns on ved pr and Saturn (Salyk et al., 2006; Del Genio et al., 2007), which strongly suggests that cloud-layer processes are important in jet formation, although this does not exclude a possible role for the deep interior too. Scenarios to explain these diverse observations range from the ‘‘shallow-forcing ” scenario, in which jet generation occurs via injection of turbulence, absorption of solar radiation and latent heat release in the cloud layer, to the ‘‘deep-forcing” scenario, in which the jet formation results from convection occur-conditions, one-layer shallow-water-type models generally pro-duce westward equatorial flow for all four planets (Cho and Pol