for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association,

and Society of Thoracic Surgeons to present the available evidence on the management of stable known or suspected ischemic heart disease. Methods: Literature on this topic published before November 2011 was identified by using MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsychINFO, AMED, and SCOPUS. Searches were limited to human studies published in English. This guideline grades the evidence and recommendations according to a translation of the ACCF/AHA grading system into ACP’s clinical practice guidelines grading system. Recommendations: The guideline includes 48 specific recommen-dations that address the following issues: patient education, man-agement of proven risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabe-tes, physical activity body weight, and smoking), risk factor reduction strategies of unproven benefit, medical therapy to pre-vent myocardial infarction and death and to relieve symptoms, alternative therapy, revascularization to improve survival and symp-toms, and patient follow-up