REVIEW ARTICLE

Independent and combined effect of nutrition and exercise on bone mass development Abstract Food intake provides the necessary components for adequate metabolic functions in bone. Calcium, phos-phorus, vitamin D, magnesium, proteins, and fl uoride are some of the most important nutrients in this regard. These have different effects on bone mass. Additionally, exercise has been shown to elicit osteogenic responses in bone devel-opment; indeed, it seems to potentiate, for example, the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mass. However, the nutrition–exercise–bone mass relationship is complex and needs further in-depth investigation. As a fi rst step, therefore, we reviewed current knowledge about the role of nutrition on the development of bone tissue and how physical activity affects the nutrient–bone relationship. Key words bone mineral density · nutrients · vitamins · calcium · physical activit