Fast Free-Form Deformation using Graphics Processing Units

A large number of algorithms have been developed to perform non-rigid reg-istration and it is a tool commonly used in medical image analysis. The Free-Form Deformation algorithm is a well-established technique, but is extremely time consuming. In this paper we present a parallel-friendly formulation of the algorithm suitable for Graphics Processing Unit execution. Using our approach we perform registration of T1-weighted MR images in less than 1 minute and show the same level of accuracy as a classical serial implemen-tation when performing segmentation propagation. This technology could be of significant utility in time-critical applications such as image-guided interventions, or in the processing of large data sets