Nuclear envelope interactions

The nuclear envelope is composed of the inner membrane and outer membrane, which is a continuation of the rough ER. Lipids of the nuclear envelope compossess signaling functions. Ganglioside GM1 helps to regulate the concentration of Ca2+ in the nucleus. . Proteomic studies revealed about 100 proteins present in membranes nuclear envelope. Nevertheless, no functions for most of them were uncovered. LEM proteins (LAP2, emerin, MAN1) interact with BAF factor linking them to the lamina and chromatin. The main function of LAP1 and LAP2 is association with lamins. Emerin binds transcriptional repressors, is involved in signaling and RNA splicing. MAN1 binds lamins. LEM2 plays a role in nuclear morphology arrangement. LBR associates with lamin B, DNA-binding proteins and heterochromatin. LINC complex composed of nesprins and SUN proteins links the cytoskeleton with nucleoskeleton. Transport of proteins into the inner membrane is provided through the nuclear pore by several different mechanisms. Keywords: nuclear envelope, emerin, LBR, LAP, MAN1, LINC, transpor