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23 7 SUMMARY This work deals with the role of adipose tissue-derived hormones - adipokines in the development of insulin resistance in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study consists of two parts. In the first one, the characterization of changes in concentrations of circulating adiponectin - the most abundant adipokine - during menstrual cycle in healthy women was performed. The second part was focused on the changes of gene expression in pregnant women with GDM relative to healthy pregnant controls (14 vs. 13 subjects). Specificial attention was focused on adipokines and their receptors (ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, LEP, RETN, TNF , CFD a PAI1) as well as other genes potentially contributing to the etiopathogenesis of GDM in the samples of placenta, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissues obtained during surgical delivery. The changes of gene expression were assessed by the two approaches: Firstly, the gene expression of insulin signaling pathway regulators was characterized using expression arrays in a limited subset of samples from GDM and control subjects. Secondly, the expression of genes that differed most significantly in GDM vs. control group in arrays, together with other genes of involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, were analyzed using qPCR in the entire..