Epistemologic limits of selected approaches to language

The aim of this text is to comment and critically evaluate the epistemology of selected approaches to language: namely European structuralism (Saussure, Hjelmslev, Prague School), generative grammar, the linguistics of la parole and text linguistics and cognitive approaches to language. In particular, the aim is to comment epistemological limits of these approaches with regards to the two basic facts. Firstly, with regard to the fact that what these approaches define as their object field is in fact only a partial section of the whole subject field of linguistics (looked upon through the purposes of this work as a specifically structured communication model). Secondly, this text will investigate the relations between these approaches and an important claim of the philosopher of science T. S. Kuhn. Kuhn in his widely known book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions says: "There is, I think, no theory-independent way to reconstruct phrases like ‚really there'." (Kuhn, 1970, p. 206). That means whether claims based on epistemology of particular approaches describe objective reality or only give us a description of their own theoretical constructs