The Position of the Presidents in Political Systems of Poland, Lithuania and Romania

Postavenípresidentů vpolitickém systému Polska, Litvy a Rumunska After the fall of communism in East Central Europe many countries introduced, during the transitional period, the direct election of the president. This represents a solid reason to consider them being semi-presidential, since popular election of the head of state is a main component in all of the definitions of this regime type. The shape of institutions and internal logic of semi-presidentialism differs more or less from presidential or parliametary systems. Alike presidentialism, semi-presidential type of government is also based on dual legitimacy - both executive (at least its part, the president) and legislative are elected by people and can call for democratic legitimity - while parliamentarism is chiefly based on dominance of the legislation and lacks the separation of powers. This diploma work, titled The position o f the presidents in political systelms o f Poland, Lithuania and Romania, tries to underline main aspects of role of the presidents in three East Central European countries. These countries hasve been chosen for several reasons: all of them had at least short historical experience with democracy, adopted the direct election of the president during transfation toward democracy and are similar to each other concerning..