An Assessment of Indonesia’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

This chapter provides an overview of Indonesia’s current economy, energy sector, land use, and climate policies. We assessed Indonesia’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) using an Asia-Pacific Integrated Model/Computable General Equilibrium model coupled with an agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) model. The model shows that the emission reduction target of INDC can be achieved at low economic cost (less than 1% of GDP) and that the mitigation actions required would not harm economic development. While emissions from land use and land use change are high nowadays, the energy sector is expected to grow rapidly and become more important in the future. Therefore, climate-related policymakers should focus equally on land use and the energy sector in the future