Pravastatin does not prevent antiphospholipid antibody-mediated changes in human first trimester trophoblast function

STUDY QUESTIONWhat is the effect of pravastatin on antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) modulation of human first trimester trophoblast function? SUMMARY ANSWERPravastatin does not prevent the effects of aPL on human first trimester trophoblast cell function. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss and late pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia, owing to direct targeting of the placenta by aPL. While treatment with heparin reduces the rate of pregnancy loss, the risk for severe pre-eclampsia remains high. Thus, there is a need to find alternative treatments for the prenatal management of patients with APS. Statins have recently been shown to prevent aPL-mediated fetal loss in mice but their effects on a human pregnancy model of APS have not yet been studied. DESIGN, DATA COLLECTION, METHODSThe human first trimester trophoblast cell line, HTR8, and human first trimester trophoblast primary cultures were incubated with or without a mouse anti-human beta 2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) monoclonal antibody in the presence or absence of pravastatin. Cytokine and angiogenic factor secretion were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex analysis. Cell migration was measured using a colorimetric two-chamber migration assay. MAIN FINDINGSUsing the human first trimester trophoblast cell line, HTR8, pravastatin significantly augmented, compared with no treatment, aPL-dependent secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 (P< 0.05), IL-1β (P< 0.05) and soluble endoglin (P< 0.01) but had no effect on aPL-induced up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, placenta growth factor or growth-related oncogene alpha secretion. Furthermore, pravastatin alone limited basal HTR8 cell migration (P< 0.01), and did not mitigate the adverse effect of aPL on trophoblast migration. Pravastatin also had no impact on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors by primary human first trimester trophoblast cells exposed to aPL. LIMITATIONS AND WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSWhile our in vitro findings suggest that pravastatin may not be effective in preventing pregnancy complications in patients with APS, the in vivo condition may be more complex, and thus, more studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of pravastatin in the prevention of aPL-associated pregnancy complications in humans. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)This work was supported by the American Heart Association. © 2012 The Author