Ion-Selective Electrodes

This article deals with the fundamental principles of potentiometric sensors based on ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), and the application of ISE devices in the monitoring of key chemical species in battery electrolytes. Moreover, the critical design features to enable the insertion of ISEs into battery electrolytes are addressed. A variety of actual and potential applications of ISEs in the monitoring of battery electrolytes are reviewed, thereby providing scope for future research in the field. Most significantly, it is shown that an ISE capable of measuring an active species of the electrolyte (viz, H+ or Li+ ions) can be used in the monitoring of the state of charge and state of health of the battery