Tabling structures for bottom-up logic programming

Generally logic programs are considered more abstract than programs written in other paradigms. Yet most logic programs are strongly dependent on programmer-defined data structures - such as lists in Prolog. Logic programs often become saturated with data structure manipulation code which obscures the original problem and requires large-scale rewriting to change data representations. To avoid this, the logic programming language Starlog provides a data-structure-free environment where data is stored relationally in tuples and programs are evaluated bottom-up [2]