Study of alternative preparations for the protection of onions from diseases and pests

V sezoni 2016 je bil narejen poljski poskus, namen katerega je bila analiza možnosti zmanjšanja stopnje napada čebule (sorta \u27Ptujski rdeči\u27) od bolezni in škodljivcev z uporabo alternativnih pripravkov za varstvo čebule znamke EM™ (EM-5, EM Naturalnie Aktywny in EM OGROD), ki temeljijo na združbi efektivnih mikroorganizmov in rastlinskih izvlečkov. Učinkovitost EM mikrobnih pripravkov za zatiranje bolezni in škodljivcev smo primerjali z nekaterimi pripravki, ki se uporabljajo v ekološki pridelavi (baker, žveplo, kisle gline, karbonati …), in pripravki, ki jih uporabljamo v integrirani pridelavi. Od povzročiteljev bolezni smo preučevali napad gliv iz rodov Peronospora, Alternaria, Fusarium, Stemphylium, Botrytis in bakterij Erwinia ter Burkholderia, od škodljivcev pa tobakovega resarja (Thrips tabaci L.). Škropilni program, sestavljen iz EM pripravkov, je v primerjavi s kontrolo napad bolezni zmanjšal za 20 do 45 %, alternativni program z ekološkimi pripravki za 50–90 % in integrirani program za 70–96 %. Dosežene stopnje zmanjšanja stopnje napada od resarja so bile bistveno nižje.In the 2016 season, a field trial was carried out, aimed at analysing attack rate reduction od diseases and pests in onions (cv \u27Ptujski rdeči\u27), by applaying alternative preparations for the protection of the onion marketed under EM™ (EM-5, EM Naturalnie Aktywny and EM OGROD), based on a group of effective micro-organisms and plant extracts. Efficiency of EM preparations for the control of onion pests was compared to the one achieved by use of preparations in ecological onion production and in integrated production systems. We studied fungal diseases caused by fungi from the genus Peronospora, Alternaria, Fusarium, Stemphylium, Botrytis and diseases caused by bacteria from the genus Erwinia and Burkholderia. In addition, onion trips were studied (Thrips tabaci L.). The alternative ecological spraying program was primarily based on a combinaton of copper preparations, sulphur, carbonates, acid clay, algae extracts, etc.). The Spraying program based on EM microbial preparations has shown a 20 to 40% decrease in attack rate of diseases compared to the untreated control, while the alternative, the ecologically orientated program, reached a 50 to 90% decrease of disease attack rate, and the integrated programs a 70 to 96% decrease. The level of reduction of onion trips attack rate was much lover that the one achieved at control of onion diseases