Economic crime and role of the women

V diplomskem delu smo raziskali problematiko gospodarske kriminalitete in vlogo žensk. Gospodarska kriminaliteta je specifična oblika kriminalitete, saj nima tipičnega načina izvršitve in kraja dejanja, zato jo je težko preiskovati. Posledice gospodarske kriminalitete lahko čutimo na globalni ravni. Zanimalo nas je, kakšna je vloga žensk znotraj tega tipa kriminalitete. Ugotovili smo, da v poslovnih sferah prevladujejo moški, zato so tudi pogosteje storilci gospodarskih kaznivih dejanj. Raziskave so pokazale, da imajo ženske višje moralne norme in standarde, zato so manjkrat vpletene v situacije, ki lahko vodijo v kriminalno vedenje. V empiričnem delu smo ugotovili, da je 80 % obsojenih storilcev kaznivih dejanj moškega spola, 20 % pa ženskega. Študije v Združenih državah Amerike so pokazale, da naj bi bile ženske vpletene le v 10 % primerov gospodarske kriminalitete. Najpogosteje so imele manjše vloge, zaradi specifičnosti poklicev, ki jih opravljajo, nekaj pa jih pri izvršitvi kaznivih dejanj pomagalo svojim možem, ki so bili vodje kriminalne skupine. Tudi v neformalni ekonomiji so bile ženske pogosteje vodje poslov po smrti ali aretaciji moža. Pogostost izvršitve kaznivih dejanj gospodarske kriminalitete pa je odvisna tudi od stopnje izobrazbe. Študija v Turčiji je pokazala, da ima največ storilcev kaznivih dejanj gospodarske kriminalitete končano le osnovno šolo, kar je v nasprotju s stereotipom izobraženih storilcev. Zanimalo nas je še, s katero obliko kaznivih dejanj gospodarske kriminalitete se najpogosteje srečujejo kriminalisti in tožilci, ki delujejo na področju pregona gospodarske kriminalitete, kakšno resnost predstavljajo kazniva dejanja na škodo Evropske unije, ali je gospodarsko kriminaliteto težko preganjati in kateri je najpogostejši motiv žensk storilk v Sloveniji.In this thesis, we studied the problem of economic crime and the role of the women. Economic crime is a specific form of crime, since it does not have the typical methods of execution and place of action. Therefore, it is difficult to investigate. The consequences of economic crime can be felt on a global scale. We wanted to investigate the role of the women within this type of crime. We found out that the business sphere is dominated by men, and therefore, they are often the perpetrators of economic crimes. Studies have shown that women have higher moral norms and standards that is why they are less often involved in situations that could lead to criminal behaviour. In the empirical part of the thesis, we found out that 80% of convicted offenders are male, and 20% are female. Studies in The United States of America have shown that women were involved in only 10% of cases of economic crime. Most often they had smaller roles, due to the specificity of professions in which they are engaged, and sometimes there were those who were in commission of crime to help their husbands, who were heads of criminal group. Even in the informal economy, women were often business leaders after the death or arrest of their husbands. The frequency of commission of economic crime also depends on the level of education. A study in Turkey showed that the most frequent offenders of economic crime only completed primary school, which is contrary to the stereotypes of educated offenders. We also wanted to know, which form of economic crime is most often encountered by investigators and prosecutors working in the field of prosecution of economic crime, what kind of seriousness constitute criminal offenses to the detriment of European Union, whether economic crime really that difficult to prosecute, and which is the most common motive for women perpetrators in Slovenia