New psychoactive substances

Največji problem današnjega časa je vse večja porast novih tako rečeno umetnih oz. sintetičnih psihoaktivnih snovi. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti nove sintetične substance, s ciljem izpostaviti vlogo medicinske sestre pri zdravstveni obravnavi uživalcev teh drog. Vsak dan na trg drog prihajajo nove substance. Med najpogostejše štejemo sintetične kanabinoide, katinone in halucinogene. Najpogostejše sintetične substance, ki se pojavljajo pri nas, so sintetični katinoni, takoj za njimi pa druge nove sintetične substance. Problem teh substanc je predvsem to, da so zaradi konstantnega spreminjanja kemijske sestave legalne in zato predstavljajo velik javnozdravstveni problem. Ogroženi so predvsem mladi, ki v fazi eksperimentiranja preizkušajo te droge, ki se na trgu prodajajo pod privlačnimi imeni in s privlačnimi embalažami in ne poznajo stranskih učinkov. Redna raba teh substanc vodi mlade do odvisnosti. Vloga medicinske sestre pri obravnavi pacientov odvisnih od psihoaktivnih substanc je predvsem motiviranje pacienta in vzpostavljanje odnosa, ki temelji na zaupanju. Poznati mora znake in simptome uživanja teh substanc in znati pravilno odreagirati. Pri delu z odvisnim mora biti dobro teoretično in praktično usposobljena, imeti mora posebna znanja in veščine, saj je delo z odvisniki večkrat lahko nepredvidljivo predvsem zaradi sprememb v njihovem mišljenju in vedenju.One of the major issues we face today is the increasing use of new artificial drugs, synthetic psychoactive substances. The purpose of my thesis and diploma work is to present new synthetic substances and their effect, with the aim of highlighting the role of the nurse in the medical treatment of these drug users. New substances are introduced to the drug market every day. The most common substances are synthetic cannabinoids, cathinone’s and hallucinogens. The most common and most used synthetic substances that occur in our country are synthetic cathines, followed by other new synthetic substances. The problem of these substances is that they are legal, due to constant changes in the chemical composition, therefore represent a major public health problem. The most affected demographic are young people. They are experimenting with these drugs, which are sold on the market under attractive names and attractive packaging and they do not know the side effects. Regular use of these substances leads the addiction. The role of the nurse is treating patients who are dependent on psychoactive substances. The main purpose of the nurse is to gain a patients trust and maintain it. As a nurse you have to be aware of the signs and symptoms that present upon the consumption of these substances, and be able to properly react to them. When working with addicts, nurses must be theoretically and practically trained, and must have specific knowledge and skills. Work with addicts can often be unpredictable, mainly due to dramatic changes in their thinking and behaviour