Disorders of swallowing in children

Povzetek Teoretična izhodišča: Predstavljen bo razvoj sesanja in požiranja pri otroku, motnje požiranja in prehranjevanje pri otroku z motnjo požiranja ter vloga medicinske sestre. Raziskovalne metode: V teoretičnem diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Domačo in tujo strokovno literaturo smo poiskali v bibliografskih bazah, COBISS, dLinb.si, Google in bazo tujih podatkov Wiley. Podatke smo analizirali in jih opisno predstavili. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je pri poteku in kakovosti hranjenja zelo pomembno kakšen odnos je vzpostavljen med otrokom in osebo, ki ga hrani. Prav tako smo ugotovili tudi, da je ena izmed posledic motenj požiranja, nedohranjenost, ki so srečamo predvsem pri nedonošenčkih. Takšni otroci imajo po navadi prisotne respiratorne težave, presnovne motnje, omejeno oralno motoriko in druge anomalije, zato je vnos hrane majhen zaradi neučinkovitega in počasnega hranjenja. Prav tako smo prišli do spoznanja, da ima tudi položaj telesa veliko vlogo pri hranjenju zato je potrebno individualno ugotoviti kateri položaj otroku pri hranjenju najbolj ustreza. Diskusija in zaključek: Otrokom z motnjami požiranja je potrebno posvečati več pozornosti, oblikovati ustrezne multidisciplinarne time in z ustreznim odnosom do otroka in staršev vzbuditi občutek varnosti, zaupanja ter ustvariti temelj pozitivnega odnosa.ABSTRACT Theoretical basis: The thesis presents the development of sucking and swallowing in children, swallowing disorders and feeding in children with swallowing disorders, and the role of nurses. Research methods: In the theoretical thesis the descriptive method was used. Domestic and foreign professional literature was found in bibliographic databases, COBISS, dLinb.si, Google and in the foreign data base Wiley. Data was analysed and presented descriptively. Results: It was found that in the process and in the quality of feeding the kind of relationship, which is established between the child and the person, who feeds him, is very significant. It was also found that one of the consequences of swallowing disorders is malnutrition, which is found predominantly in premature infants. In such children usually are present respiratory problems, metabolic disorders, limited oral motor skills and other abnormalities. It was also found that the position of the body plays a major role in feeding. Discussion and conclusion: It is necessary to pay more attention to children with swallowing disorders, as well as design appropriate multi-disciplinary teams, and with the right attitude towards the child and parents induce a sense of security, confidence and create the foundation of a positive attitude