Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy and Childhood Autistic Traits in Four European Population-Based Cohort Studies : The ESCAPE Project
- Guxens, Mònica
- Ghassabian, Akhgar
- Gong, Tong
- Garcia-Esteban, Raquel
- Porta, Daniela
- Giorgis-Allemand, Lise
- Almqvist, Catarina
- Aranbarri, Aritz
- Beelen, Rob
- Badaloni, Chiara
- Cesaroni, Giulia
- de Nazelle, Audrey
- Estarlich, Marisa
- Forastiere, Francesco
- Forns, Joan
- Gehring, Ulrike
- Ibarluzea, Jesús
- Jaddoe, Vincent W
- Korek, Michal
- Lichtenstein, Paul
- Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J
- Rebagliato, Marisa
- Slama, Rémy
- Tiemeier, Henning
- Verhulst, Frank C
- Volk, Heather E
- Pershagen, Göran
- Brunekreef, Bert
- Sunyer, Jordi
DOIAbstract
BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to air pollutants has been suggested as a possible etiologic factor for the occurrence of autism spectrum disorder. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with childhood autistic traits in the general population. METHODS: Collaborative study of four European population-based birth/child cohorts -CATSS (Sweden), GENERATION R (the Netherlands), GASPII (Italy), and INMA (Spain). Nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx) and particulate matter (PM) with diameters of <2.5 µm (PM2.5), <10 µm (PM10), and between 2.5-10 µm (PMcoarse) and PM2.5 absorbance- were estimated for birth addresses by land-use regression models based on monitoring campaigns performed between 2008 and 2011. Levels were extr...
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