Recombinant LPG3 Stimulates IFN-Γ and TNF-Α Secretion by Human NK Cells

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in early stages of innate immune responses against viral and tumoral attacks. Activation of NK cells by leishmaniasis results in secretion of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which enhances the phagocytosis and clear­ance of parasite. Lipophosphoglycan 3 (LPG3), the <em>Leishmania</em> homologous with GRP94 (glucose regulated protein 94), a member of HSP90 family, contributes to LPG assembly as the most abundant macromolecule on the surface of <em>Leishmania </em>promastigotes.</p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><strong> </strong>We purified NK cells from healthy individuals (n=10) using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Purified NK cells were co-incubated with different concentrations of recombinant LPG3 (rLPG3), and its N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) fragments. Finally, the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by NK cells were measured by ELISA.</p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><strong> </strong>Recombinant LPG3 but not its fragments (CT and NT), can signifi­cantly enhance the production of TNF-α by NK cells (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). Moreover, rLPG3, CT, and NT fragments were markedly stimulated the secretion of IFN-γ by NK cells (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001).</p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> The <em>Leishmania</em> LPG3 antigen can effectively activate NK cells, in vitro.<em> Leishmania</em> LPG3 participates in the innate immunity against leishmaniasis and thereby improves the effective parasite destruction.<em> </em>However, its efficiency should be tested in vivo