Benign Endometrial Polyp and Primary Endometrial Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Confined to the Polyp: A Rare Association

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumoral lesions originating from diffuse endo­crine system cells. They occur mostly in the gastrointes­tinal system and the lung. Primary NETs of the female reproductive tract are rare. In a widely used classification, primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNECs) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) of the endometrium were included in a subgroup of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. SCNECs of the endometrium are very rare and they are often com­bined with other epithelial neoplasms. Their myometrial and extrauterine invasions are common during the initial diagnosis due to their aggressive behaviors. In this ar­ticle, we present a rare case of primary endometrial SC­NEC detected within the benign endometrial polyp and without invasion of myometrium and extrauterine tissues in a 70-year-old female patient presenting with post­menopausal bleeding. Histopathologically, the tumor cells showed positive staining with Synaptophysin, the Ki-67 labeling index was 80-90%, the mitotic index was 15/10 per HPF and there was no necrosis and lymphovascular invasion. J Clin Exp Invest 2016; 7 (1): 107-11