Unified Algorithm as an Ergonomic Solution for Safe Patient Transfers Unificirani algoritam kao ergonomsko rješenjeza siguran transfer pacijenata

Studies show that nurses have high incidence of low back pain (LBP) due to the physical activities often required to manipulate patients and to the occurrence of sudden awkward lifts in cramped spaces, long hours at the computer terminal, or driving in ambulances. This may lead to lower productivity, high absenteeism and unsatisfactory patient care, and with cost of treating and caring for patients with LBP well over $100 billion annually in the USA alone, makes this a public health concern. Epidemiological studies identified numerous biomechanical factors that cause disc degeneration; exposure to vibrations, prolonged sitting and, especially, high compressive loadings that occur on the L3 disc during lifting, sitting, flexion and hyperextension of the spinal column. This puts certain occupations, such as health care workers, in higher risk group for developing degenerative problems with intervertebral discs. Preventative measures include: avoiding axial torsion, changing positions frequently, using lumbar support and arm rests as well as appropriate lifting techniques with bend knees and straight back. However, these are not always possible in health care settings. Assistive technology (lifting aids, slings, sliding aids etc.) although affordable is still rarely used due to budgetary issues or the unwillingness of the staff to use them. Educational efforts must be directed so that health care workers understand the biomechanical risks associated with their work and how to perform everyday tasks with minimal risk. We propose an easy to follow diagram based on the current literature with instructions how to safely transfer patients from bed to chair, chair to chair, bed to trolley, up from the floor and repositioning in the bed with minimal risk of LBP. Hopefully this will lead to healthier and more productive staff and increase the quality level of health care provided