Current approaches of managing microbial diseases: focus on nanosciences technique

Nanoscience is a fast growing research area that focuses on producing and utilizing nanosized particles, which are measured in nanometers. Recently, nanoparticles are used in various fields. Therefore, studies on the effect of nanoparticles on microorganisms are worthy of analysis. However, using many antimicrobial agents has been avoided because of their methodical harmful effect. Hence, this review paper focuses on the use of some nanomaterials to manage microbial diseases. The discussed nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents include sliver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles. This review also explains the mechanisms of action of some nanotechnological products to inhibit microorganisms. There are many problems in the development of an evaluation for the effect of nanomaterials on environment. Nevertheless, the defect of the approaches used to analyze nanomaterials toxicity gives no ground for hampering the development of nanotechnologies for safety using. In order to overcome this problem, ecotoxicological studies should be extended to include the analysis of the biological safety of nanomaterials in environment and accumulate experimental data