Toxicity and quality of life after high-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer

Background and purpose The use of HDR brachytherapy (HDR-BT) as monotherapy for prostate cancer (PC) is increasing worldwide with good tumour control rates and acceptable toxicity. We report our results on toxicity and quality of life (QoL) after HDR-BT monotherapy for PC patients. Materials and methods 166 low- and intermediate-risk localized PC patients were treated with HDR-BT to a total dose of 38 Gy in four fractions. Genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were prospectively assessed using EORTC-RTOG questionnaires and physicians charts. QoL was evaluated using EORTC QLQ-PR25 questionnaires. Results Three months after treatment, acute GU and GI toxicities were reported in 10.8% and 7.2%. Acute toxicity resolved within two months in the majority of patients (61%). Late grade ≥2 GU and GI toxicity were reported in 19.7% and 3.3% of patients 12 months after HDR-BT. Mean QLQ-PR25 scores showed clinically relevant changes from baseline for urinary symptoms and sexual functioning. With a mean follow-up of 35 months, biochemical failure was observed in 2.4%. Overall survival at 60 months was 93.6% and cancer-specific survival was 100%. Conclusions HDR-BT monotherapy for localized PC showed excellent clinical outcome and acceptable acute and late toxicity. Urinary symptoms and sexual function QoL decreased after treatment