UNDERNUTRITION PREVALENCE AMONG CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEARS OLD IN INDONESIA DURING ECONOMIC CRISIS AND ITS RELATED FACTORS

ABSTRACT<br />The objective of this study was to assess undernutrition prevalence among children under-two years in Indonesia and its related factors. This ecological study was conducted to 437 districts using data extracted from nationally representative surveys, which were National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) year 2007. Overall, prevalence of High Stunting (HS), High Wasting (HW), and High Underweight (HU) was 46.9%, 59.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. Median prevalence of inadequate intake of energy, protein, iron, and zinc were 33.3%, 11.1%, 81.8%, and 55.6%, respectively. Median prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) was 15.9%, while the median prevalence of diarrhea was 13.0%. Median proportion of low education of the mother was 46.9%. Prevalence of HS was associated with household income, low education proportion of mother, and proportion of food expenditure. Prevalence of HW was associated with prevalence of inadequate energy intake and proportion of food expenditure. Prevalence of HU was associated with proportion of low education of mother and proportion of food expenditure.<br />Keywords: children under-two years, economic crisis, undernutrition<br />ABSTRAK<br />Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi kurang gizi pada anak bawah dua tahun (baduta) dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Studi ekologi ini dilakukan pada 437 kabupaten/kota menggunakan data yang mewakili nasional, yaitu Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) dan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007. Secara umum, prevalensi High Stunting (HS), High Wasting (HW), dan High Underweight (HU) secara berturut-turut adalah 46.9%, 59.5%, dan 17.2%. Median prevalensi ketidakcukupan asupan energi, protein, zat besi, dan seng berturut-turut adalah 33.3%, 11.1%, 81.8%, dan 55.6%. Median prevalensi ISPA adalah 15.9%, sedangkan untuk diare adalah 13.0%. Median persentase ibu dengan pendidikan rendah adalah 46.9%. Prevalensi HS berhubungan dengan pendapatan rumah tangga, persentase ibu dengan pendidikan rendah, dan pangsa pengeluaran pangan. Prevalensi HW berhubungan dengan prevalensi ketidakcukupan energi dan pangsa pengeluaran pangan. Prevalensi HU berhubungan dengan persentase ibu dengan pendidikan rendah dan pangsa pengeluaran pangan.<br />Kata kunci: anak baduta, krisis ekonomi, kurang gizi