Microbial colonization around orthodontic ligature ties: An in-vivo study

Introduction: Fixed or removable orthodontic appliances impede oral hygiene and result in plaque accumulation. Studies have evaluated the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on microbial flora and periodontal status, but only a few have evaluated the method of ligation as an additional factor. Aims and Objectives: To determine the amount of microbial colonization with different elastomeric ligation techniques. Material and Methods: Twenty subjects and a total of five ligature systems divided into five groups were chosen for the split mouth study. Group II and III (super slick ties and slide ligatures) were ligated over the premolars on the right side while Group IV and V (quick stick ties - angulated and easy to fit ties) were ligated over the premolars on the left side in both the arches. Group I (control) or stainless steel ties were made over the cuspids in the same manner. Elastomeric ligatures were removed after a period of 21 days and sent for culture. The amount of microbial colonies was then compared using stereomicroscope. Results: The amount of microbial colonization observed was statistically significant (P < 0.001) in all the groups. Group III showed the highest microbial colonization while Group II showed the least. Conclusion: Super slick elastomeric ligatures were found to have minimal microbial adhesion similar to that of stainless steel