問題導向式行動學習的整合應用：以高等教育為例 The Integration of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Action Learning in Higher Education of Taiwan

為提高大學生的學習效果，大學教師的教學型態已從「傳統講述」轉變為「問題導向、團體討論、行動實作、即時應用與批判思考為主軸」的教學。問題導向學習源於醫學教育，係以學生為中心，盼透過實際問題，幫助學生以小組合作方式解決難題；而行動學習則是強調做中學與主動建構的體驗課程，除善用團隊的批判思考與反省激盪外，也期望能解決真實問題。因此，結合問題導向與行動學習特色的新課程教學模式，頗值得大學院校推動「翻轉課程教學型態」時參考。本篇首先探討問題導向與行動學習的基本概念，其次探究問題導向行動學習的運作方式與應用，期望提出結論與建議供大學院校推動課程教與學的革新時參考。 “Flipped Classroom” was currently an important issue in higher education of Taiwan. In order to improve undergraduates’ transfer of learning, professors changed teaching style from traditional lecture into problem-based, group discussion, practice doing, immediate use and critical thinking. Problem-based learning originated in the medical education. This kind of learning helped students build a team in order to solve the actual problems. Action learning emphasized the importance of “learning by doing” and “active construction”. They solved the real problems through critical thinking and reflection of team members. Therefore, the integration of problem-based learning and action learning was the new teaching trend. This paper explored the integration of problem-based learning and action learning in higher education. First of all, the fundamental concepts of problem-based learning and action learning were described. Secondly, the process of problem-based action learning were elaborated. The study also found out how to practice the problem-based action learning. Finally, feasible suggestions giving insight into teachers in higher education were proposed