Relative warp analysis in determining morphological variation and sexual dimorphism between sexes of flathead goby (Glossogobius giuris)

Landmark-based geometric morphometrics is an effective tool for measuring the biological shape, shape variation and covariation both for biotic and abiotic elements. It ensures graphical illustrations of shape changes that are visually interesting and instinctual. Using the results from relative warp analysis, histograms, CVA and PCA were generated to visualize morphological variations and sexual dimorphism. A total of 60 individuals (30 males and 30 females) were subjected to landmark-based analysis. This application will demonstrate morphological variation and sexual dimorphism on the body shape of Glossogobius giuris using geometric morphometry by means of Relative Warp Analysis. Sixteen landmarks generated 19 relative warps for each sample and showed slight morphological variation were females obtained the highest percentage than males. The MANOVA test value shows non-significant value (P=0.1655) on the left lateral side between sexes. This indicates that there were no shape variations and may be due to behavior and ecology of the organism to compete with others for food haunting, mating and to buffer environmental condition. While the right lateral side shows significant value (P