The Effect of cAMP-PKA Activation on TGF-β1-Induced Profibrotic Signaling

Background: The cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and TGF-β1-dependent fibrosis pathways are of particular importance in ADPKD progression, but the cross-talk between these pathways remains unclear. Therefore, we used an MDCK-cell model and embryonic kidney-cyst model to study the regulatory role of cAMP-PKA signaling in the TGF-β1 induced fibrotic process. Method and Results: Pkd1flox/flox; Ksp-Cre and Pkd1+/+; Ksp-Cre mice were used as an in vivo model. Increased kidney volume, renal cysts formation and up-regulation of the fibrosis-related proteins TGF-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and fibronectin (FN) can be observed in Pkd1flox/flox; Ksp-Cre mice. In an embryonic kidneys-cyst model, TGF-β1, FN and collagen type I were highly expressed. Western blotting revealed the obviously up-regulation of TGF-β1, CTGF, FN and collagen type I expression following forskolin treatment in MDCK cells. Selective PKA inhibition with H89 may partially reversed the above effects. Pretreatment with the TGF-β RI kinase inhibitor VI SB431542 suppressed the increased expression of CTGF, FN and collagen type I caused by forskolin. Our data also indicate that forskolin inhibited TGF-β-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and FN up-regulation. ERK inhibition useing PD98059 significantly inhibited the expression of CTGF, FN and collagen type I caused by TGF-β1. Conclusions: The cAMP-PKA signaling pathway can directly promote the production of TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β1-dependent fibrogenetic molecules in MDCK cells and embryonic kidney cysts, but when TGF-β1 and its downstream pathways were highly expressed in MDCK cells, cAMP-PKA had a significantly negative effect on TGF-β1 induced p-ERK1/2 and FN expression