Spectral image analysis for measuring ripeness of tomatoes

In this study, spectral images of five ripeness stages of tomatoes have been recorded and analyzed. The electromagnetic spectrum between 396 and 736 nm was recorded in 257 bands (every 1.3 nm). Results show that spectral images offer more discriminating power than standard RGB images for measuring ripeness stages of tomatoes. The classification error of individual pixels was reduced from 51% to 19%. Using a gray reference, the reflectance can be made invariant to the light source and even object geometry, which makes it possible to have comparable classification results over a large range of illumination conditions. Experimental results show that, although the error rate increases from 19% to 35% when using different light sources, it is still considerably below the 51% for RGB under a single light sourc