Leptospirosis: A re-emerging zoonosis

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which attacks people and domestic and wild animals. The bacteria can live and reproduce in rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and swamps. The risk of transmission increases in the rainy and flood seasons due to the characteristics of the survival of the bacteria, which can survive in water and even in stagnant water. Reservoirs are mainly rodents and dogs that eliminate Lepstospira through urine, thus contaminating the environment inside and outside homes. In the documented epidemics, weather, health and environmental conditions in the geographical region could cause the disease. In this review, risk factors related to the disease in different epidemiological scenarios are analysed